Blue Elderberry • Sambucus caerulea
Growth Habit and Environment
Blue elderberry is known for its clusters of small, bluish-purple berries that are often used in jams, jellies, and even wines. It typically reaches a height of 6 to 20 feet, a width of about 6 to 10 feet, and has an upright, multi-stemmed growth habit. It grows well in a variety of habitats, including woodlands, riparian areas, meadows, and open spaces. Its adaptability to different environments contributes to its wide native distribution, which includes all of the West Coast, as well as Utah and parts of New Mexico, Colorado, and Western Texas.
Seasonal Cycle
As temperatures rise and daylight lengthens, blue elderberry plants begin to emerge from their dormant state. New leaves and shoots develop from the branches, and by late spring to early summer (usually around May to June), blue elderberries produce large, flat clusters of creamy-white to pale yellow flowers known in the botanical world as umbels.
By mid-summer to early fall, the flowers transition into clusters of small, bluish-purple berries. These berries ripen gradually and are ready to be harvested in early to mid fall. It's important to note that berries should be cooked before consumption.
As temperatures begin to drop and daylight hours decrease, it enters its dormant phase. The leaves turn yellow and eventually drop off, and the plant conserves energy for the colder months.
Planting Tips
Blue Elderberry prefers well-drained soils and can thrive in both full sun and partial shade, but they tend to produce more flowers and berries with more sunlight.
Adequate moisture is important for their growth, especially during flowering and fruiting. Mulching around the base of the plants can help retain soil moisture and control weeds from hogging precious water resources. Once established, they are moderately drought-tolerant but will benefit from regular watering, especially during dry spells or in hot weather. Always water new plants well directly after planting.
Late fall to early winter is an ideal time for pruning. Remove dead or weak branches, and consider shaping the plant to maintain its form and encourage new growth for the following year.
Transform Your Outdoor Spaces
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