Salal • Gaultheria shallon
Growth Habit and Planting Environment
Salal is a versatile evergreen shrub native to the coastal regions of western North America. This hardy plant thrives in a variety of conditions, from partial shade to full sun and in both poor and fertile soils. Its size varies based on the environment, growing a mere 2 feet tall in full sun and poor soil, but reaching 4 to 10 feet in shade and moist soil, with a nearly equal width. Due to its adaptability, it makes an excellent companion for rhododendron and ferns. If left to its own devices, salal will readily spread and form thickets, providing valuable habitat for wildlife. Its ideal setting is partial to full shade in moist, acidic soils, but it will adapt to other sites as well.
Seasonal Cycle
During late spring (March to June), the shrub produces elongated clusters of urn-shaped, pink to white blossoms. As the seasons progress into summer and fall, these flowers develop into black, edible berries or fleshy sepals, providing important food for wildlife. While the salal doesn't need much pruning, if required, it's best done in late winter or early spring to maintain its shape and to remove any dead or damaged branches.
Planting Tips
Salal thrives in moist, humus-rich soils within shade or semi-shade conditions, but it can also adapt to full sun. This peat and moisture-loving plant requires a lime-free soil. Some reports suggest it can tolerate dry shade and withstand considerable drought once established. It can endure temperatures below freezing. As a vigorous suckering species, it may become invasive under favorable conditions, but pruning helps control its growth. Salal also thrives when planted under trees.
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